Introduzione

• Altkorn R, Chen X, Milkovich S, et al. Fatal and non-fatal food injuries among children (aged 0–14 years). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72(7):1041-6

• Chapin MM, Rochette LM, Annest JL, et al. Nonfatal Choking on Food Among Children 14 Years or Younger in the United States, 2001-2009. Pediatrics. 2013;132(2):275-81

• Cichero JAY. Age-Related Changes to Eating and Swallowing Impact Frailty: Aspira- tion, Choking Risk, Modified Food Texture and Autonomy of Choice. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(4):69

• Duckett SA, Bartman M, Roten RA. Choking. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan–2020 Sep 22. PMID: 29763116

• Kramarow E, Warner M, Chen L-H. Food-related choking deaths among the elderly. Inj Prev. 2014;20:200-3

• Lorenzoni G, Azzolina D, Soriani N, et al. Temporal and regional trends of choking inju- ries in children in Italy, 2001-2013. Inj Epidemiol. 2018;5(1):30

• Passali D, Gregori D, Lorenzoni G, et al. Foreign body injuries in children: a review. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;35(4):265-71

• Snidero S, Soriani N, Baldi I, et al. Scale-up approach in CATI surveys for estimating the number of foreign body injuries in the aero-digestive tract in children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(11):4056-67

• Wu W-S, Sung K-C, Cheng T-J, Lu T-H. Associations between chronic diseases and choking deaths among older adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study using multiple cause mortality data from 2009 to 2013. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e009464

Le politiche di salute pubblica per la famiglia

• Dahlgren G and Whitehead M (1993) Tackling inequalities in health: what can we learn from what has been tried? Working paper per il King’s Fund International Seminar on Tackling Inequalities in Health, September 1993, Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire. London, King’s Fund. In: Dahlgren G e Whitehead M Editors. European Strategies for Tackling Social Inequities in Health: Levelling Up, Part 2. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Co- penhagen, 2007; pp. 20 to 32

• Ministero della Salute – Direzione generale per l’igiene e la sicurezza degli alimenti e la nutrizione, Ufficio 5. Linee di indirizzo per la prevenzione del soffocamento da cibo in età pediatrica. Edizione giugno 2017 (URL: http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pub- blicazioni_2618_allegato.pdf (Ultimo accesso: 11.06.2020)

• Ministero della Salute. Piano Nazionale della Prevenzione 2014-2018. URL: http://www. salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_2285_allegato.pdf (Ultimo accesso 11.06.2020)

• Ministero della Salute. Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale. PNPV 2017-2019. URL: http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_2571_allegato.pdf (Ultimo accesso: 11.06.2020)

• Nazioni Unite – Centro Regionale di Informazioni. Obiettivi per lo sviluppo sostenibi- le. URL: https://unric.org/it/agenda-2030/#:~:text=Centro%20Regionale%20di%20 Informazione%20delle%20Nazioni%20UniteONU%20ITALIA,-un%20web%20tv&tex- t=L’Agenda%202030%20per%20lo,193%20Paesi%20membri%20dell’ONU. (Ultimo accesso: 17.06.2020).

• Regione Lazio. Legge n. 27 del 5 dicembre 2019. Disposizioni per promuovere la cono- scenza delle tecniche salvavita della disostruzione delle vie aeree e della rianimazione cardiopolmonare anche con l’impiego del defibrillatore nonché delle tecniche di primo soccorso. URL: http://www.consiglio.regione.lazio.it/consiglio-regionale/?vw=leggire- gionalidettaglio&id=9378&sv=vigente (Ultimo accesso: 11.06.2020).

• United Nations. General Assembly. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop- ment. URL: https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lan- g=E (Ultimo accesso: 17.06.2020).

• Vogliotti S, Vattai S. Le politiche della famiglia in un confronto europeo. Working Paper n. 2. IPL, 2015.

• WHO Regional Office for Europe. Health 2020: a European policy framework supporting action across government and society for health and well-being. World Health Organiza- tion, Geneva, 2013. https://www.euro.who.int/ data/assets/pdf_file/0006/199536/ Health2020-Short.pdf (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)

Partiamo dai più piccoli… da 0 a 4 anni

• Altkorn R, Chen X, Milkovich S, et al. Fatal and non-fatal food injuries among children (aged 0–14 years). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72(7):1041-6

• American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of Choking Among Children. Pediatrics. 2010;125(3):601-7

• Brown A, Jones SW, Rowan H. Baby-Led Weaning: The Evidence to Date. Curr Nutr Rep. 2017;6(2):148-56

• Chapin MM, Rochette LM, Annest JL, et al. Nonfatal Choking on Food Among Children 14 Years or Younger in the United States, 2001-2009. Pediatrics. 2013;132(2):275-81

• CREA (Centro di Ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione). Linee guida per una sana alimentazione, revisione 2018. Novembre, 2019. ISBN 9788833850375

• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Food safety in the EU. April 2019

• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Dietary Reference Values for nutrients. Sum- mary report. EFSA Technical Report 2017

• ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Complementary Feeding: A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;46:99-110

• ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESP- GHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64:119-32

• Higuchi O, Adachi Y, Adachi YS, et al. Mothers’ knowledge about foreign body aspiration in young children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(1):41-4

• Ministero della Salute, Direzione Generale per l’Igiene e la Sicurezza degli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Ufficio 5. Linee di indirizzo per la prevenzione del soffocamento da cibo, giugno 2017. http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/news/p3_2_1_1_1.jsp?lingua=italiano&- menu=notizie&p=dalministero&id=3001 (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)

• Nichols BG, Visotcky A, Aberger M, et al. Pediatric exposure to choking hazards is as- sociated with parental knowledge of choking hazards. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(2):169-73

• Passali D, Gregori D, Lorenzoni G, et al. Foreign body injuries in children: a review. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;35(4):265-71

• Salih AM, Alfaki M, Alama Elhuda DM. Airway foreign bodies: a critical review for a com- mon pediatric emergency. World J Emerg Med. 2016;7(1):5-12

• Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana (SINU). LARN (Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed energia), 2014

• WHO. Preventing injuries and violence: a guide for ministries of health. 2007, ISBN 978 92 4 159525 4

Il bambino con bisogni speciali: sicurezza a tavola

• Cekici H, Sanlier N. Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disor- der: A review. Nutr Neurosci. 2019;22(3):145-55

• Colver A, Fairhurst C, Pharoah PO. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2014;383(9924):1240-9

• Hartman RE, Patel D. Dietary Approaches to the Management of Autism Spectrum Di- sorders. Adv Neurobiol. 2020;24:547-571

• Iu F, Li J, Wu F, et al. Altered composition and function of intestinal microbiota in auti- sm spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:43. doi:10.1038/ s41398-019-0389-6

• Kahru E, Zukerman R, Eshraghi RS, et al. Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(7):515-31

• Piwowarczyk A, Horvath A, Łukasik J, Pisula E, Szajewska H. Gluten- and casein-free diet and autism spectrum disorders in children: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(2):433-40

• Sathe N, Andrews JC, McPheeters ML, Warren ZE. Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2017;139(6):e20170346

• Sharp WG, Berry RC, McCracken C, et al. Feeding Problems and Nutrient Intake in Chil- dren with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-analysis and Comprehensive Review of the Literature. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013;43:2159-73

• Tedeschi A. Il bambino con danno neurologico. In: Manuale SIGENP di Nutrizione Pedia- trica. Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Roma, 2016. ISBN: 978-88-490-0559-2

• Tedeschi A. Il bambino neurologico: problematiche gastroenterologiche e nutrizionali. Quaderni ACP. 2015;6:264-71

Disfagia e rischio di soffocamento nell’adulto

• Lancaster J. Dysphagia: its nature, assessment and management. Br J Community Nurs. 2015 Jun-Jul;Suppl Nutrition:S28-32

• Peyron MA, Woda A, Bourdiol P, Hennequin M. Age-related changes in mastication. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):299-312

L’anziano fragile: definizione e domini della fragilità in un mondo che invecchia

• Baijens LW, Clavé P, Cras P, et al. European Society for Swallowing Disorders – European Union Geriatric Medicine Society White Paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1403-28

• ISTAT. Cent’anni e non sentirli. https://www.istat.it/it/files//2019/07/Info100ITA.pdf (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)

La disfagia ed il rischio di soffocamento negli anziani

• Bahat G, Yilmaz O, Durmazoglu S, et al.. Association between Dysphagia and Frailty in Community Dwelling Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(6):571-7

• Baijens LW, Clavé P, Cras P, et al. European Society for Swallowing Disorders – European Union Geriatric Medicine Society White Paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1403-28

• Cichero JAY. Age-Related Changes to Eating and Swallowing Impact Frailty: Aspira- tion, Choking Risk, Modified Food Texture and Autonomy of Choice. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(4):69

• Hansjee D. An Acute Model of Care to Guide Eating & Drinking Decisions in the Frail Elderly with Dementia and Dysphagia. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(4):65

• Makhnevich A, Feldhamer KH, Kast CL, Sinvani L. Aspiration Pneumonia in Older Adults. J Hosp Med. 2019;14(7):429-35

• Melgaard D, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Mørch MM. The Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dy- sphagia in Acute Geriatric Patients. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(2):15

• Michel A, Vérin E, Gbaguidi X, Druesne L, Roca F, Chassagne P. Oropharyngeal Dyspha- gia in Community-Dwelling Older Patients with Dementia: Prevalence and Relationship with Geriatric Parameters. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(9):770-4

• Ortega O, Martín A, Clavé P. Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Among Older Persons, State of the Art. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(7):576-82

• Ouyang M, Boaden E, Arima H, et al. Dysphagia screening and risks of pneumonia and adverse outcomes after acute stroke: An international multicenter study. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(2):206-15

• Painter V, Le Couteur DG, Waite LM. Texture-modified food and fluids in dementia and residential aged care facilities. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1193-203

• Zanini M, Bagnasco A, Catania G, et al. A Dedicated Nutritional Care Program (NUTRI- CARE) to reduce malnutrition in institutionalised dysphagic older people: A quasi-expe- rimental study. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(23-24):4446-55

Principi di nutrizione e assistenza all’alimentazione

• Council of Europe. Committee of Ministers Resolution ResAP (2003)3 on food and nutritional care in hospitals (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on November 2003 at the 860th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies). https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc. jsp?id=85747 (Ultimo accesso: 14.01.2020)

• Foley N, Finestone H, Woodbury MG, Teasell R, Greene-Finestone L. Energy and protein intakes of acute stroke patients. J Nutr Health Aging 2006;3:171-5

• Food Trial Collaboration Stroke. Poor nutritional status on admission predicts poor outcomes after stroke: observational data from the food trial. Stroke 2003;34:1450-6

• Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr. 2003;22:415-21

• Kondrup J, Johansen N, Plum LM, et al. Incidence of nutritional risk and causes of inade- quate nutritional care in hospitals. Clin Nutr. 2002;21(6):461-8

• Miles JM. Energy Expenditure in Hospitalized Patients: Implications for Nutritional Sup- port Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81(6):809-16

• Poels BJJ, Brinkman Zijlker HG, Dijkstra PU, Postema K. Malnutrition, eating difficulties and feeding dependence in a stroke rehabilitation centre. Disability and Rehabilitation 2006;28(10):637-43

• Rossi L, Scognamiglio U. LARN in età pediatrica: focus sui macronutrienti. In: Manuale SIGENP di nutrizione pediatrica. Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Roma, 2016.

• Rotilio G, Barba G, Biffi B, et al. Nutrizione e ictus. In: SPREAD Stroke prevention and educational awareness diffusion (VII Edizione), Ictus cerebrale: linee guida italiane di prevenzione e trattamento. Pubblicazioni Pierrel Research Italy S.p.A., Milano, 2012

• Scognamiglio U, Cairella G, Garbagnati F, Paolucci S. Il decremento ponderale non inten- zionale nel paziente neurogeriatrico. Neuropsichiatria Geriatrica 2007;2:4-6

• Scognamiglio U, Salvia A, Paolucci S, et al. Validity of a questionnaire for the semi-quan- titative evaluation of dietary intake of hospitalized persons compared with weighed re- cords. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2012;25:526-33

• Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Lea & Febiger, Phi- ladelphia, 2000

• Stratton RJ, Green CJ, Elia M. Disease-related malnutrition: an evidence-based approach to treatment. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 2003

• The National Dysphagia Diet Task Force. The National Dysphagia Diet: standardization for optimal care. American Dietetic Association, Chicago, 2003; p. 50

• Volkert D, Berner YN, Berry E, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on enteral nutrition: geriatrics. Espen guidelines. Clinical Nutrition 2006;25:330-60

• Wijdicks EFM. Management of nutrition. In: Wijdicks EFM. The clinical practice of critical care neurology. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelpia-New York 1997; pp. 46-55.

• Wright L, Cotter D, Hickson M, Frost G. Comparison of energy and protein intakes of older people consuming a texture modified diet with a normal hospital diet. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2005;18:213-9

Indicazioni per i caregiver e personale di assistenza

• Cichero JA, Lam P, Steele CM, et al. Development of International Terminology and De- finitions for Texture-Modified Foods and Thickened Fluids Used in Dysphagia Manage- ment: The IDDSI Framework. Dysphagia. 2017;32(2):293-314

• Cichero, J. Texture-modified meals for hospital patients. In: Modifying Food Texture: volume 2: sensory analysis, consumer requirements and preferences. Chen J and Ro- senthal A Eds. Elsevier. Amsterdam, 2015; pp. 135-62

• Clavé P, de Kraa M, Arreola V, et al. The effect of bolus viscosity on swallowing function in neurogenic dysphagia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24(9):1385-94

• Clavé P, Shaker R. Dysphagia: current reality and scope of the problem. Nat Rev Gastro- enterol Hepatol. 2015;12(5):259-70

• Cook IJ, Kahrilas PJ. Medical position statement on management of oropharyngeal dy- sphagia. Gastroenterology. 1998;116(2):452-78

• Dahl WJ, Whiting SJ, Tyler RT. Protein content of puréed diets: implications for planning. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2007;68(2):99-102

• Flynn E, Smith CH, Walsh CD, Walshe M. Modifying the consistency of food and fluids for swallowing difficulties in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;9(9): CD011077

• Keller H, Chambers L, Niezgoda H, Duizer L. Issues associated with the use of modified texture foods. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(3):195-200

• Keller HH, Duizer LM. What do consumers think of pureed food? Making the most of the indistinguishable food. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;33(3):139-59

• Matta Z, Chambers E, Garcia JM, Helverson JM. Sensory charac¬teristics of bevera- ges prepared with commercial thickeners used for dysphagia diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(7):1049-54

• Milte R, Shulver W, Killington M, et al. Struggling to maintain individuality – Describing the experience of food in nursing homes for people with dementia. Arch Gerontol Ge- riatr. 2017;72:52-8

• Mishellany A, Woda A, Labas R, Peyron MA. The challenge of mastication: preparing a bolus suitable for deglutition. Dysphagia. 2006;21(2):87-94

• O’Keeffe ST. Use of modified diets to prevent aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia: is current practice justified? BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):167

• Park YH, Han HR, Oh BM, Lee J, Park JA, Yu SJ, Chang H. Prevalence and associated fac- tors of dysphagia in nursing home residents. Geriatr Nurs. 2013;34(3):212-7

• Rimell FL, Thome A Jr, Stool S, et al. Characteristics of objects that cause choking in children. JAMA. 1995;274(22):1763-6

• Robbins JA, Nicosia M, Hind JA, et al. Defining physical properties of fluids for dysphagia evaluation and treatment. Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dy- sphagia) 2002;11:16-9

• Rofes L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Swanson J, Clavé P. The effects of a xanthan gum-ba- sed thickener on the swallowing function of patients with dysphagia. Aliment Pharma- col Ther. 2014;39(10):1169-79

• Rosenvinge SK, Starke ID. Improving care for patients with dysphagia. Age Ageing. 2005;34(6):587-93

• Roy N, Stemple J, Merrill RM, Thomas L. Dysphagia in the elderly: preliminary eviden- ce of prevalence, risk factors, and socioemotional effects. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007;116(11):858-65

• Sura L, Madhavan A, Carnaby G, Crary MA. Dysphagia in the elderly: man¬agement and nutritional considerations. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:287-97

• Ullrich S, Crichton J. Older people with dysphagia: transitioning to texture-modified food. Br J Nurs. 2015;24(13):686,688-92

• Vucea V, Keller HH, Morrison JM, et al. Nutritional quality of regular and pureed menus in Canadian long term care homes: an analysis of the Making the Most of Mealtimes (M3) project. BMC Nutr. 2017;3:8

• Yven C, Bonnet L, Cormier D, Monier S, Mioche L. Impaired mastication modifies the dynamics of bolus formation. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114(3):184-9

Trattamento logopedico della disfagia

• AA VV. Deglutologia. Schindler O, Ruoppolo G, Schindler A Eds. Omega Edizioni, Torino, 2001

• Atti del VI Convegno nazionale FLI. La deglutizione. Ed. Carocci, Roma, 2003

• Giannoni P, Zerbino L. Fuori Schema. Edizioni Springer, Milano, 2000

• Logemann JA. Therapy for Children with Swallowing Disorders in the Educational Setting.

• Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2000;31:50-5

• Schindler O. Manuale operativo di Fisiopatologia della deglutizione. Omega Edizioni, Torino, 1990

• Martini F. Fondamenti di anatomia e fisiologia. Edizioni ISES, Roma, 1994

• Morris SE, Dunn Klein M. Pre-feeding skills: a comprehensive resource for mealtime de- velopment. Second edition. Therapy Skill Builders Publishers, Texas, 2000

• Rossi G. Compendio di otorinolaringoiatria. Edizioni Minerva Medica, Torino, 2001

La ristorazione collettiva nelle comunità per anziani

• Ministero della Salute. Linee di indirizzo nazionali per la ristorazione ospedaliera, assi- stenziale e scolastica, 2020. http://www.quotidianosanita.it/allegati/allegato5559931. pdf (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)

• Robinson Gretchen E, Leif Betty J. Nutrition management and restorative dining for ol- der adults. Practical interventions for caregivers. Consultant Dietitians in Health Care Facilities Dietetic Practice Group, American Dietetic Association, USA, 2001

• Torre I, Troiano E. Igiene degli alimenti e della nutrizione. In: Triassi M Ed. Igiene Medici- na Preventiva e del Territorio, Sorbona Editrice, Milano, 2006 e 2015

• Torre I, Troiano E. Tabelle dietetiche e menù per l’adulto e le mense aziendali. In: P. Binet- ti, M. Marcelli, R. Baisi. Nutrizione Individuo Popolazione, Manuale Tecnico Scientifico, Società Editrice Universo, Roma, 2009

• Vezzosi S, Agostini A, Troiano E et al. ANDID Position Statement. L’importanza dei pasti ad aumentata densità energetica e proteica (c.d. pasti fortificati) nella prevenzione e trattamento della malnutrizione. Febbraio, 2020

La prevenzione secondaria del soffocamento da cibo

• American Heart Association (AHA). COVID-19: Resources for CPR Training & Resusci- tation

• Atkins DL, Berger S, Duff JP et al. Part 11: Pediatric Basic Life Support and Cardiopul- monary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2015 Nov 3;132(18 Suppl 2):S519-25

• Bar-Cohen Y, Walsh EP, Love BA, Cecchin F. First appropriate use of automated external defibrillator in an infant. Resuscitation. 2005; 67(1): 135-7

• Bhanji F, Donoghue AJ, Wolff MS et al. Part 14: Education: 2015 American Heart Asso- ciation Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiova- scular Care. Circulation. 2015 Nov 3;132(18 Suppl 2):S561-73

• Bhanji F, Finn JC, Lockey A et al. Part 8: Education, Implementation, and Teams: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiova- scular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2015 Oct 20;132(16 Suppl 1):S242-68

• de Caen AR, Maconochie IK, Aickin R et al. Part 6: Pediatric Basic Life Support and Pedia- tric Advanced Life Support: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resusci- tation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2015 Oct 20;132(16 Suppl 1):S177-203

• Edelson DP, Sasson C, Chan PS, et al. Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Sup- port in Adults, Children, and Neonates with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get with The Guidelines-Resusci- tation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Jun 23;141(25):e933-e943

• European Resuscitation Council (ERC). COVID-19 Guidelines. April, 2020. https://erc. edu/sites/5714e77d5e615861f00f7d18/content_entry5ea884fa4c84867335e4d1ff/5e- a885f34c84867335e4d20e/files/ERC_covid19_pages.pdf?1588257310

• Greif R, Lockey AS, Conaghan P etal. Section 10. Education and implementation of resu- scitation. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:288-301

• Hazinski MF, Nolan JP, Aickin R et al. Part 1: Executive Summary: 2015 International Con- sensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2015 Oct 20;132(16 Suppl 1):S2-39

• Hoyt WJ Jr, Fish FA, Kannankeril PJ. Automated external defibrillator use in a previously healthy 31-day-old infant with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrilla- tion. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2019; 30(11): 2599-2602

• https://cpr.heart.org/en/resources/coronavirus-covid19-resources-for-cpr-training

• International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). COVID-19 Practical Guidan- ce for Implementation. 2019 ( https://www.ilcor.org/covid-19)

• Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC). Linee guida per la rianimazione cardiopolmona- re durante pandemia COVID-19”. 2020 (https://www.ircouncil.it/wp-content/uplo- ads/2020/05/LG-ERC-durante-pandemia-Covid19-Traduzione-integrale-in-italiano.pdf)

• Kleinman ME, Brennan EE, Goldberger ZD et al. Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circu- lation. 2015 Nov 3;132(18 Suppl 2):S414-35

• Maconochie IK, Bingham R, Eich C et al. Section 6. Paediatric life support. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:223-48

• Markenson D, Pyles L, Neish S; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pedia- tric Emergency Medicine; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery. Ventricular fibrillation and the use of automated external defibrillators on children. Pediatrics. 2007; 120(5): e1368-79

• Ministero della Salute. Indicazioni emergenziali per il contenimento del contagio da SARS-CoV-2 nelle operazioni di primo soccorso e per la formazione in sicurezza dei soccorritori – Aggiornamento. Circolare 0021859-23/06/2020-DGPRE-MDS-P. Giugno 2020. (http://www.normativasanitaria.it/jsp/dettaglio.jsp?id=74572)

• Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL et al. ERC Guidelines 2015 Writing Group. Europe- an Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 1. Executive sum- mary. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:1-80

• Neumar RW, Shuster M, Callaway CW et al. Part 1: Executive Summary: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergen- cy Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2015 Nov 3;132(18 Suppl 2):S315-67

• Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME et al. 2017 International Consensus on Car- diopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treat- ment Recommendations Summary. Circulation. 2017 Dec 5;136(23):e424-e440

• Perkins GD, Handley AJ, Koster RW et al. Adult basic life support and automated exter- nal defibrillation section Collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibril- lation. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:81-99

• Perlman JM, Wyllie J, Kattwinkel J et al. Part 7: Neonatal Resuscitation: 2015 Interna- tional Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2015 Oct 20;132(16 Suppl 1):S204-41

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