Risorse per approfondimento
Introduzione
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• Chapin MM, Rochette LM, Annest JL, et al. Nonfatal Choking on Food Among Children 14 Years or Younger in the United States, 2001-2009. Pediatrics. 2013;132(2):275-81
• Cichero JAY. Age-Related Changes to Eating and Swallowing Impact Frailty: Aspira- tion, Choking Risk, Modified Food Texture and Autonomy of Choice. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(4):69
• Duckett SA, Bartman M, Roten RA. Choking. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan–2020 Sep 22. PMID: 29763116
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• Lorenzoni G, Azzolina D, Soriani N, et al. Temporal and regional trends of choking inju- ries in children in Italy, 2001-2013. Inj Epidemiol. 2018;5(1):30
• Passali D, Gregori D, Lorenzoni G, et al. Foreign body injuries in children: a review. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;35(4):265-71
• Snidero S, Soriani N, Baldi I, et al. Scale-up approach in CATI surveys for estimating the number of foreign body injuries in the aero-digestive tract in children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(11):4056-67
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Le politiche di salute pubblica per la famiglia
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• Ministero della Salute – Direzione generale per l’igiene e la sicurezza degli alimenti e la nutrizione, Ufficio 5. Linee di indirizzo per la prevenzione del soffocamento da cibo in età pediatrica. Edizione giugno 2017 (URL: http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pub- blicazioni_2618_allegato.pdf (Ultimo accesso: 11.06.2020)
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• Nazioni Unite – Centro Regionale di Informazioni. Obiettivi per lo sviluppo sostenibi- le. URL: https://unric.org/it/agenda-2030/#:~:text=Centro%20Regionale%20di%20 Informazione%20delle%20Nazioni%20UniteONU%20ITALIA,-un%20web%20tv&tex- t=L’Agenda%202030%20per%20lo,193%20Paesi%20membri%20dell’ONU. (Ultimo accesso: 17.06.2020).
• Regione Lazio. Legge n. 27 del 5 dicembre 2019. Disposizioni per promuovere la cono- scenza delle tecniche salvavita della disostruzione delle vie aeree e della rianimazione cardiopolmonare anche con l’impiego del defibrillatore nonché delle tecniche di primo soccorso. URL: http://www.consiglio.regione.lazio.it/consiglio-regionale/?vw=leggire- gionalidettaglio&id=9378&sv=vigente (Ultimo accesso: 11.06.2020).
• United Nations. General Assembly. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop- ment. URL: https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lan- g=E (Ultimo accesso: 17.06.2020).
• Vogliotti S, Vattai S. Le politiche della famiglia in un confronto europeo. Working Paper n. 2. IPL, 2015.
• WHO Regional Office for Europe. Health 2020: a European policy framework supporting action across government and society for health and well-being. World Health Organiza- tion, Geneva, 2013. https://www.euro.who.int/ data/assets/pdf_file/0006/199536/ Health2020-Short.pdf (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)
Partiamo dai più piccoli… da 0 a 4 anni
• Altkorn R, Chen X, Milkovich S, et al. Fatal and non-fatal food injuries among children (aged 0–14 years). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72(7):1041-6
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of Choking Among Children. Pediatrics. 2010;125(3):601-7
• Brown A, Jones SW, Rowan H. Baby-Led Weaning: The Evidence to Date. Curr Nutr Rep. 2017;6(2):148-56
• Chapin MM, Rochette LM, Annest JL, et al. Nonfatal Choking on Food Among Children 14 Years or Younger in the United States, 2001-2009. Pediatrics. 2013;132(2):275-81
• CREA (Centro di Ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione). Linee guida per una sana alimentazione, revisione 2018. Novembre, 2019. ISBN 9788833850375
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Food safety in the EU. April 2019
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Dietary Reference Values for nutrients. Sum- mary report. EFSA Technical Report 2017
• ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Complementary Feeding: A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;46:99-110
• ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESP- GHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64:119-32
• Higuchi O, Adachi Y, Adachi YS, et al. Mothers’ knowledge about foreign body aspiration in young children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(1):41-4
• Ministero della Salute, Direzione Generale per l’Igiene e la Sicurezza degli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Ufficio 5. Linee di indirizzo per la prevenzione del soffocamento da cibo, giugno 2017. http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/news/p3_2_1_1_1.jsp?lingua=italiano&- menu=notizie&p=dalministero&id=3001 (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)
• Nichols BG, Visotcky A, Aberger M, et al. Pediatric exposure to choking hazards is as- sociated with parental knowledge of choking hazards. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(2):169-73
• Passali D, Gregori D, Lorenzoni G, et al. Foreign body injuries in children: a review. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;35(4):265-71
• Salih AM, Alfaki M, Alama Elhuda DM. Airway foreign bodies: a critical review for a com- mon pediatric emergency. World J Emerg Med. 2016;7(1):5-12
• Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana (SINU). LARN (Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed energia), 2014
• WHO. Preventing injuries and violence: a guide for ministries of health. 2007, ISBN 978 92 4 159525 4
Il bambino con bisogni speciali: sicurezza a tavola
• Cekici H, Sanlier N. Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disor- der: A review. Nutr Neurosci. 2019;22(3):145-55
• Colver A, Fairhurst C, Pharoah PO. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2014;383(9924):1240-9
• Hartman RE, Patel D. Dietary Approaches to the Management of Autism Spectrum Di- sorders. Adv Neurobiol. 2020;24:547-571
• Iu F, Li J, Wu F, et al. Altered composition and function of intestinal microbiota in auti- sm spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:43. doi:10.1038/ s41398-019-0389-6
• Kahru E, Zukerman R, Eshraghi RS, et al. Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(7):515-31
• Piwowarczyk A, Horvath A, Łukasik J, Pisula E, Szajewska H. Gluten- and casein-free diet and autism spectrum disorders in children: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(2):433-40
• Sathe N, Andrews JC, McPheeters ML, Warren ZE. Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2017;139(6):e20170346
• Sharp WG, Berry RC, McCracken C, et al. Feeding Problems and Nutrient Intake in Chil- dren with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-analysis and Comprehensive Review of the Literature. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013;43:2159-73
• Tedeschi A. Il bambino con danno neurologico. In: Manuale SIGENP di Nutrizione Pedia- trica. Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Roma, 2016. ISBN: 978-88-490-0559-2
• Tedeschi A. Il bambino neurologico: problematiche gastroenterologiche e nutrizionali. Quaderni ACP. 2015;6:264-71
Disfagia e rischio di soffocamento nell’adulto
• Lancaster J. Dysphagia: its nature, assessment and management. Br J Community Nurs. 2015 Jun-Jul;Suppl Nutrition:S28-32
• Peyron MA, Woda A, Bourdiol P, Hennequin M. Age-related changes in mastication. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):299-312
L’anziano fragile: definizione e domini della fragilità in un mondo che invecchia
• Baijens LW, Clavé P, Cras P, et al. European Society for Swallowing Disorders – European Union Geriatric Medicine Society White Paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1403-28
• ISTAT. Cent’anni e non sentirli. https://www.istat.it/it/files//2019/07/Info100ITA.pdf (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)
La disfagia ed il rischio di soffocamento negli anziani
• Bahat G, Yilmaz O, Durmazoglu S, et al.. Association between Dysphagia and Frailty in Community Dwelling Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(6):571-7
• Baijens LW, Clavé P, Cras P, et al. European Society for Swallowing Disorders – European Union Geriatric Medicine Society White Paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1403-28
• Cichero JAY. Age-Related Changes to Eating and Swallowing Impact Frailty: Aspira- tion, Choking Risk, Modified Food Texture and Autonomy of Choice. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(4):69
• Hansjee D. An Acute Model of Care to Guide Eating & Drinking Decisions in the Frail Elderly with Dementia and Dysphagia. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(4):65
• Makhnevich A, Feldhamer KH, Kast CL, Sinvani L. Aspiration Pneumonia in Older Adults. J Hosp Med. 2019;14(7):429-35
• Melgaard D, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Mørch MM. The Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dy- sphagia in Acute Geriatric Patients. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018;3(2):15
• Michel A, Vérin E, Gbaguidi X, Druesne L, Roca F, Chassagne P. Oropharyngeal Dyspha- gia in Community-Dwelling Older Patients with Dementia: Prevalence and Relationship with Geriatric Parameters. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(9):770-4
• Ortega O, Martín A, Clavé P. Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Among Older Persons, State of the Art. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(7):576-82
• Ouyang M, Boaden E, Arima H, et al. Dysphagia screening and risks of pneumonia and adverse outcomes after acute stroke: An international multicenter study. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(2):206-15
• Painter V, Le Couteur DG, Waite LM. Texture-modified food and fluids in dementia and residential aged care facilities. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1193-203
• Zanini M, Bagnasco A, Catania G, et al. A Dedicated Nutritional Care Program (NUTRI- CARE) to reduce malnutrition in institutionalised dysphagic older people: A quasi-expe- rimental study. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(23-24):4446-55
Principi di nutrizione e assistenza all’alimentazione
• Council of Europe. Committee of Ministers Resolution ResAP (2003)3 on food and nutritional care in hospitals (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on November 2003 at the 860th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies). https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc. jsp?id=85747 (Ultimo accesso: 14.01.2020)
• Foley N, Finestone H, Woodbury MG, Teasell R, Greene-Finestone L. Energy and protein intakes of acute stroke patients. J Nutr Health Aging 2006;3:171-5
• Food Trial Collaboration Stroke. Poor nutritional status on admission predicts poor outcomes after stroke: observational data from the food trial. Stroke 2003;34:1450-6
• Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr. 2003;22:415-21
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• The National Dysphagia Diet Task Force. The National Dysphagia Diet: standardization for optimal care. American Dietetic Association, Chicago, 2003; p. 50
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Indicazioni per i caregiver e personale di assistenza
• Cichero JA, Lam P, Steele CM, et al. Development of International Terminology and De- finitions for Texture-Modified Foods and Thickened Fluids Used in Dysphagia Manage- ment: The IDDSI Framework. Dysphagia. 2017;32(2):293-314
• Cichero, J. Texture-modified meals for hospital patients. In: Modifying Food Texture: volume 2: sensory analysis, consumer requirements and preferences. Chen J and Ro- senthal A Eds. Elsevier. Amsterdam, 2015; pp. 135-62
• Clavé P, de Kraa M, Arreola V, et al. The effect of bolus viscosity on swallowing function in neurogenic dysphagia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24(9):1385-94
• Clavé P, Shaker R. Dysphagia: current reality and scope of the problem. Nat Rev Gastro- enterol Hepatol. 2015;12(5):259-70
• Cook IJ, Kahrilas PJ. Medical position statement on management of oropharyngeal dy- sphagia. Gastroenterology. 1998;116(2):452-78
• Dahl WJ, Whiting SJ, Tyler RT. Protein content of puréed diets: implications for planning. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2007;68(2):99-102
• Flynn E, Smith CH, Walsh CD, Walshe M. Modifying the consistency of food and fluids for swallowing difficulties in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;9(9): CD011077
• Keller H, Chambers L, Niezgoda H, Duizer L. Issues associated with the use of modified texture foods. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(3):195-200
• Keller HH, Duizer LM. What do consumers think of pureed food? Making the most of the indistinguishable food. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;33(3):139-59
• Matta Z, Chambers E, Garcia JM, Helverson JM. Sensory charac¬teristics of bevera- ges prepared with commercial thickeners used for dysphagia diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(7):1049-54
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• Mishellany A, Woda A, Labas R, Peyron MA. The challenge of mastication: preparing a bolus suitable for deglutition. Dysphagia. 2006;21(2):87-94
• O’Keeffe ST. Use of modified diets to prevent aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia: is current practice justified? BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):167
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Trattamento logopedico della disfagia
• AA VV. Deglutologia. Schindler O, Ruoppolo G, Schindler A Eds. Omega Edizioni, Torino, 2001
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La ristorazione collettiva nelle comunità per anziani
• Ministero della Salute. Linee di indirizzo nazionali per la ristorazione ospedaliera, assi- stenziale e scolastica, 2020. http://www.quotidianosanita.it/allegati/allegato5559931. pdf (Ultimo accesso: 08.12.2020)
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• Vezzosi S, Agostini A, Troiano E et al. ANDID Position Statement. L’importanza dei pasti ad aumentata densità energetica e proteica (c.d. pasti fortificati) nella prevenzione e trattamento della malnutrizione. Febbraio, 2020
La prevenzione secondaria del soffocamento da cibo
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